PCAUSA Rawether for Windows local privilege escalation

Rawether for Windows is a framework that facilitates communication between an application and the NDIS miniport driver. It’s produced by a company named Printing Communications Assoc., Inc. (PCAUSA), which seems to be no longer operating. Company websites can be still reached through web.archive.org:

http://web.archive.org/web/20151017034756/http://www.pcausa.com/
http://web.archive.org/web/20151128171809/http://www.rawether.net/

Rawether framework provides NDIS Protocol Driver similar to the NPF.SYS (part of the WinPcap). This framework is used by many different hardware vendors in their WiFi and router control applications. Exploit attached to this advisory targets 64bit version of PcaSp60.sys driver which is part of ASUS PCE-AC56 WLAN Card Utilities.

Identifying other affected vendors is quite problematic, since Rawether is just a framework it is possible that the driver name, device name or driver version info were changed. Additionally, verifying if the particular software is really vulnerable is sometimes not feasible, because installation package won’t install without specific hardware.

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GoGoGadget – kernel exploitation helper class

The aim of this class is to facilitate building kernel shell-codes and ROP chains (at least before RFG kicks in sometime next year) by providing easy access to some of the available kernel information leaks. Under the hood I am using well known NtQuerySystemInformation with following classes: SystemExtendedHandleInformation, SystemModuleInformation. This piece of code came to live as a part of an exploit that I was developing some time ago, but I can’t release it yet. Therefore I decided to publish it as a separate project, so everyone (or just future me) can reuse it for their own purposes. Code is written in C++ and should compile with Visual Studio 2015, for now it only supports x64 platform and some of the functionality is limited to Windows 10 (obtaining EPROCESS address of some of the system processes). I advise compiling Release build, since Debug is very slow due to extensive use of STL

GitHub: https://github.com/rwfpl/rewolf-gogogadget

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Leaking EPROCESS address of the specific SYSTEM processes

Today I would like to briefly describe a simple method of obtaining the EPROCESS addresses of some specific system processes, which can be later used as a part of the Local Privilege Escalation exploit. This is an extension to the well known NtQuerySystemInformation (SystemExtendedHandleInformation) EPROCESSes leak. In the typical scenario SystemExtendedHandleInformation class can be used to map all processes of the currently logged in user to the correct EPROCESS address (plus a few more processes that allow OpenProcess with the SYNCHRONIZE flag, but I’ll get to this point later). Implementation of this approach is quite straightforward (some details omitted for the sake of readability):

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MSI ntiolib.sys/winio.sys local privilege escalation

So, it seems that not only ASUS drivers allows unprivileged reading and writing to physical memory. Just a few months ago I was looking at the drivers that are loaded on my machine, and I found small MSI driver called NTIOLib_X64.sys. Out of curiosity I’ve looked at it in IDA and it turned out that it has almost the same functionality as the ASMMAP/ASMMAP64 ASUS drivers. I’ve tried to contact MSI through various different channels, but I haven’t really get past their customer support, so I’m not sure if anyone from the development team is aware of this design flaw. After almost 4 months I decided to publish my findings here.

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wow64ext v1.0.0.8

New version of wow64ext library is available for download:
http://rewolf.pl/stuff/rewolf.wow64ext.v1.0.0.8.zip
or if someone prefer github:
https://github.com/rwfpl/rewolf-wow64ext

Changelog

  • Fixed elusive bug that appears only on AMD cpus
  • Removed VS CRT dependencies – dll size shrank to 9kB (previously 41kB)
  • Added sanity checks, so x64 switch won’t run on x86 OS

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Terminus Project launch.

terminus_logo_blog

I would like to announce launch of my new web-based tool: Terminus Project. It’s automatically generated diff of Windows structures with nice (I hope!) presentation layer. Currently it contains only data gathered from NTDLL PDBs (281 dlls at the moment of writing this post), but it can be easily extended with other libraries. Idea behind this project was derived from my old research on PEB structure (link), which is still quite popular (comparing to the other posts on this blog). There are a few things that should be improved (for example, better support for structures with unions), but I decided to publish it now, so it won’t stay on my HDD for the next few months.

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